Capability is only part
of dependable execution.

These recent tests examine whether agents meet requirements, use the right evidence and act consistently. They help explain the gap between a useful demonstration and work an operations team can trust.

Results vary sharply by task and setup. Several systems score highly. This is a source library, not a single ranking or a claim that progress has stopped.

31 benchmark and study records, plus six published operator accounts. Evidence window: April 1 to October 1, 2026.
Baseline checked September 30. October 1 refresh: GDP.xlsx, Finance Agent v2, HANDBOOK, tau3 and Thinkingbox.

Keep the measure attached to the score. Rubric credit, all-checks success, repeated success and F1 measure different things. The same benchmark can also change when its tools or grader change.

Dates below distinguish publication, revision and execution where known. A recent page edit is not a new run. Results from a dated older model roster do not establish today's capability ceiling.

These tests use curated, simulated, public or private evaluation sets. They do not measure your team's review burden or prove Cortal's performance.

Articles and project pages explain the tests. Some show earlier results. Each dated finding keeps its exact result sources under “Code and result data”.

Operator reports

Interviews, survey findings and meeting records describe the review, implementation and measurement burden teams still face.

Read recent reports and the complete research briefing

Finance and documents

GDP.xlsx: understanding professional spreadsheets

38.3% mean rubric satisfaction

Freshness: introduced September 30; initial public harness commit September 29. Individual execution dates are undisclosed. Surge AI's current leading row is Gemini 4 Argon High: 38.3%.

Mean rubric credit is not complete-task success. Experts selected tasks after earlier AI failures, so this is a deliberately difficult set. The full set is private; final answer text is graded and errored trials are excluded.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: 70 tasks, five attempts each; 58 Excel and 12 CSV files, 393 worksheets. Harbor/OpenHands SDK, 200-turn and 60-minute agent limits; a Gemini 3.8 Flash judge grades only the final response text. Each binary criterion is averaged within trial, then across valid attempts and tasks. Created files receive no credit. Errored trials are excluded; entirely missing tasks are not scored zero.

Code and result data

Finance Agent v2: financial research across filings

55.789% All-Pass

Freshness: Vals AI's result page and embedded chart metadata say updated September 29. Individual run days and the v2 introduction day are unestablished; the original family paper is from 2025.

All-Pass requires every check in one answer. It does not require the same question to succeed in all three attempts. Private questions and model grading limit replication. The current chart reports 55.789%; older narrative scores on the page differ.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: Gemini 4 Argon High leads at 65.401% gated partial credit (SE 0.321 percentage points) and 55.789% All-Pass (SE 0.265). Shared six-tool filing/search/retrieval/calculation/price harness, two hours per task, temperature 1. There are 450 private test questions, three scheduled runs each, 1,350 answers. GPT 5.4, Gemini 3.1 Pro and Sonnet 4.6 form the grading jury.

Code and result data

Tax Agent Bench: applying authority to corporate tax questions

49.223% All-Pass

Freshness: September introduction; repository first committed September 15. Vals' current page is updated September 29; model execution days are undisclosed.

All-Pass requires every rubric check, separate from the citation-quality multiplier in the primary score. No repeated-trial consistency requirement is disclosed. Most questions concern federal corporate tax; the set is private and uses one model judge.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: Fable 5.1 Max, temperature 1, shared five-tool research/calculation harness, three-hour task limit: 77.642% citation-adjusted rubric score, 49.223% All-Pass on 193 private test questions. GPT 5.4 grades the final answer and citations are checked separately. Five public examples, 391 questions overall.

Code and result data

HANDBOOK.md: doing office work under company rules

38.8% strict success

Freshness: introduced June 25; paper July 28, revised August 3. September 16's completed-results article dates the current leading Fable 5.1 Adaptive/Max: 38.8% strict pass@1 result. It also contains an earlier September 10 page date; use the completed September 16 publication.

Every required and prohibited-action criterion must pass in an attempt. The score averages attempts, rather than requiring all four to succeed. This is a simulated workplace; the full set is available by request.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: common OpenHands SDK; 65 tasks, four trials each, 824 deterministic criteria, 200 tool calls and one hour per trial. Ten fictional companies across financial, insurance, medical billing, logistics and HR work. Agents use policies, mock communications, tickets, calendars and files.

Code and result data

SpreadsheetBench 2: fixing and building workbooks

29 of 100 debugging tasks

Freshness: paper June 29. Latest owner-verified leading product submission: arito, September 13. Its debugging score is 29/100 tasks, the highest current Debug row. The former 12% headline is superseded.

Debugging success requires the entire workbook, including unchanged cells, to match the expected result. The overall score mixes different measures. Public tasks, proprietary products and undisclosed budgets limit controlled comparisons.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: 321 tasks: 100 debugging, 100 financial models, 97 templates, 24 visualizations. arito scores 54.51 overall; financial models 67%, templates 62.89%, visualizations 74.86%. Underlying proprietary model, effort and budget are undisclosed. Debug, template and financial tasks require every workbook cell, including unchanged cells, to match the expected result. Visualizations use GLM-4.6V rubric grading.

Code and result data

APEX-Accounting: month-end work across records

93 of 160 never fully solved

Freshness: Mercor/Ramp paper July 29, revised July 30; announcement July 31. These are the original dated results. Newer current model rows have no verified individual result dates.

These are July results from the original nine-model roster, not a current model ranking. Mean criteria credit, any-attempt success and repeated success are different measures. Private synthetic company records and excluded provider failures limit generalization.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: 160 tasks in ten synthetic company worlds, 2,186 criteria; Loop Harness, 500 steps. Fable 5 Max earns 56.4% Mean Criteria@3. GPT 5.6 Sol Max+Pro has the highest 2.6% pass^8; Muse Spark 1.1 xHigh has the highest 21.5% pass@8. Across the original nine models, 93/160 tasks were never fully solved in any scored attempt.

APEX-Agents 1.1: professional work with organizational context

68.6% per-attempt success

Freshness: benchmark revision/results September 8, despite the original January paper. The dated article gives Fable 5.1 Max: 68.6% pass@1 and GPT 6 Astra: 56.3% pass^4. Current Sonnet 5.5's 75.5% row is undated; it is observed, not assigned a September 8 run date.

The September revision changes tasks and grading, so it is not a simple before-and-after comparison. The release reports 8% false negatives in a 354-item grading check. A newer 75.5% leaderboard row has no verified individual result date here.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: 240 tasks, 80 each in investment banking, consulting and law, 955 criteria. Loop truncated-tools harness, released 100-turn/three-hour environment; documents, messages, calendars and files. DeepSeek-v4-Flash judge with a revised grading prompt rejects multiple speculative answers.

Code and result data

OfficeQA Pro and Pro V2: finding and calculating across documents

54.4% Pro V2 correctness

Freshness: original March 9 paper excluded. Explicit new Pro result updates July 20 and August 2 qualify. Pro V2 results entered the repository August 6; exact execution day is absent.

This measures numerical answers across documents, rather than actions in operational systems. Different native agent setups are part of the comparison. Repeat counts and numerical tolerance are incompletely specified alongside the figures.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: Pro: Opus 5/Claude Agent SDK 60.9% correctness, GPT 5.6 Sol/Codex SDK 60.2%, on 133 hard numerical questions over 697 Treasury Bulletins. Pro V2: Opus 5 leads at 54.4% on 90 questions over 1,435 government receipts/expenditure documents. Native harnesses use search and code; V2 questions reference a median 5.5 source documents.

Code and result data

ExtractBench: values and the evidence behind them

94.57 value F1; 77.11 grounding

Freshness: LlamaIndex paper July 31. Specialist refresh September 18; Codex GPT 6 Sol Evidence addition September 23.

F1 measures value matching, not the share of wholly correct documents. Grounding uses a separate population of verified locations, so subtracting those scores would mislead. Public data, varied setups and only 20 long documents limit the comparison.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: 370 documents, 4,869 pages, 67 document types; schema-based extraction across eight operational domains. LlamaExtract Agentic Plus and Pulse Effort both score 95.91 value F1 in the dated specialist refresh. Codex GPT 6 Sol Evidence scores 94.57 value F1, 87.25 on long documents, 77.11 word grounding and 86.50 page grounding. Its unrestricted shell pipeline has no cost cap; the displayed row does not identify effort.

Code and result data

ParseBench: preserving structure in documents

79.85 composite score

Freshness: paper April 9, revised April 13; new reasoning-effort sweep September 24.

The composite averages five parsing capabilities, rather than complete-task success. Page populations overlap. This is direct document parsing on a vendor-authored public set, rather than a full agent workflow.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: Opus 5.5 High scores 79.85 overall, tables 94.25, charts 70.89, content faithfulness 91.72, semantic formatting 77.04, visual grounding 65.33. Low effort scores 74.47 overall. There are 2,078 human-verified pages from 1,211 documents and 169,011 rules. Direct visual parsing pipeline, not an agent workflow; deterministic scoring with optional model normalization off.

Code and result data

Era by Eon: hidden context across enterprise records

18 of 24 hidden-fact runs

Freshness: initial multi-system study September 9; hidden-context extension September 24, revised September 25.

Eight templates and 24 hidden-fact runs provide a small, read-only synthetic test. Confidence intervals are wide and tool budgets differ. The earlier multi-system study uses another population; its scores should not be pooled with this extension.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: newer extension: Fable 5.1 with Era answers 18/24 hidden-fact runs correctly (75%), interval 55.1 to 88.0. Eight templates, three repeats, one generated fintech company; REST/MCP records across CRM, calls, contracts, issues and messages. Era permits 165 calls/turns; LangGraph/Python 150. Same-model LangGraph gets 15/24. Fully specified computable questions score 25/27 with Fable 5.1 and a sandbox.

BigFinanceBench: auditable financial analysis

58.8% weighted rubric credit

Freshness: Rogo/OpenAI collaborators' study June 2; no later dated result verified.

Experts selected difficult questions after earlier model failures. Weighted rubric credit differs from final-answer accuracy. These are the dated June configurations, not a present-day capability ceiling. Private data and model judging limit replication.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: 928 expert questions, 15,656 criteria; shared 50-step open-book ReAct harness with EDGAR/web retrieval and Python, three trials. Opus 4.7 and GPT 5.5 both score 58.8% weighted rubric credit; final-answer accuracy is 41.5% and 44.3%, respectively. Two model judges are averaged; exact reasoning settings are not pinned in the results table.

SpreadsheetBench v1: strong specialist results

99.25% on a 400-task subset

Freshness: original benchmark is from 2024. New owner-verified runs qualify: QingqiuAgent June 23 and DataAnalysisAgent September 10.

These strong results qualify through new dated submissions to an older benchmark. The 400-task subset, full 912-task set and newer debugging benchmark are different populations. Proprietary setups and public tasks leave tuning and training exposure uncertain.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: QingqiuAgent scores 83.11% on the full 912-task v1 set. ByteDance LarkBase/NovaBase DataAnalysisAgent scores 99.25% on the 400-task expert-verified subset. Proprietary models/scaffolds and budgets are undisclosed. Instructions come from authentic Excel requests; grading checks output across associated workbooks.

Code and result data

GDP.pdf: difficult professional documents

27.6% dated strict success

Freshness: introduced April 14; paper July 13. September 16's completed-result article dates Fable 5.1 and Muse Spark 1.3 runs. A newer current GPT 6 Astra 34.2% row is undated and is not given a September run date here.

The dated result requires every rubric criterion to pass. Experts selected difficult documents after earlier failures. This uses no tools and a model judge. A newer observed 34.2% row is undated and is not assigned a recent run date.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: the dated September configurations Fable 5.1 Adaptive/Max and Muse Spark 1.3 xHigh each achieve 27.6% strict all-rubric pass. One hundred question/PDF pairs, five attempts, Inspect AI without tools, Gemini 3.5 Flash judge. Tasks concern tables, charts, diagrams, contracts, exclusions and cross-page evidence.

Code and result data

DAYJOB Finance: reporting conflict, qualified use only

Score definition unresolved

Freshness: harness introduced September 23; owner article displays September 23 and 26. Use September 26 for the dated article, not an inferred model run day.

The owner describes complete-task success, while the public verifier and README describe mean criterion credit. The private leaderboard conversion is unestablished. The owner-reported score is therefore not presented as a verified completion percentage.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: 80 finance assignments, five attempts, Harbor/OpenHands SDK, Opus 4.8 agentic judge. Opus 5.5 Adaptive/Max leads the owner table at 23.9; GPT 6 Astra Max 21.5. Work spans conflicting financial records, analysis, recommendations and files.

Code and result data

Execution, repetition, learning and controls

tau3 Banking knowledge: repeated support-case success

55.2% per attempt; 35.1% all four

Freshness: original March 4 introduction excluded. Qwen and Opus evaluated August 3 and submitted August 4; GPT 5.6 Sol evaluated July 22 and submitted August 4.

Per-attempt and all-four success measure different demands. Banking tests policy retrieval and support tools; it does not include the telecom user's dual-control tools. Public tasks, simulated users and July grading changes limit comparisons with older scores.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: tau2-bench 1.0.1, 97 banking tasks, four trials (388 episodes/configuration), AllTools retrieval, GPT 5.2 low simulated user, seed 300. Qwen 3.8 Max xhigh: 55.1546% pass^1, 35.0515% pass^4. Opus 5 Max: 48.7113%/31.9588%; GPT 5.6 Sol xhigh: 46.9072%/27.8351%.

Code and result data

tau3 Voice: fresh banking and dual-control results

84.2% standard telecom success

Freshness: standard GPT Live evaluated/submitted September 9; custom banking voice September 16.

The strong telecom result includes user-side state changes. It is one trial per task, so it does not establish repeated reliability. The newer custom banking run changes the caller, reviewer, effort and voice setup; its score is not directly comparable.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: standard gpt-live-1 frontend/GPT 6 Astra medium backend, standard v1 user/reviewer, seed 300, one trial: airline 82% (50 tasks), retail 78.9474% (114), telecom 84.2105% (114). Telecom includes user-side state changes. Custom banking: GPT Live/GPT 6 Astra High, GPT 5.5 xhigh caller and reviewer, ElevenLabs v3; 36/97 = 37.1134% pass^1.

Code and result data

Hyper-tau: constructing agents under operational constraints

23.9% reward; 82.2% reference

Freshness: Sierra/Princeton study introduced September 4; exact construction dates undisclosed.

Reward includes budget penalties and is not the fraction of agent builds completed. The expert reference has ground truth, rather than representing average human performance. Synthetic company artifacts and fixed simulated users do not test ongoing maintenance.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: Opus 5 Max/Claude Code constructor 23.9% reward, GPT 5.6 Sol xhigh/Codex 22.0%; expert-authored reference 82.2%. Fifty-three construction tasks, one construction trial each, 3,365 held-out served conversations/configuration. Agents must be built from company artifacts, inherited code, client requirements and budgets.

Code and result data

Thinkingbox: success across repeated policy workflows

241 of 507 passed all 20 trials

Freshness: Microsoft introduction August 20; latest v3 revision September 30, following v2 August 29. Exact execution days undisclosed; the revision date does not establish a new run.

Table 15 reports 241 tasks passing all 20 trials. The separate pass^20 column is an estimator, not generically the observed all-20 fraction. Of 507 simulated tasks, 477 grade only backend state and 30 also communication, so misleading messages can escape a state-only check.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: Opus 5 medium, temperature 1, 4,096 output cap, ReAct/MCP; fixed GPT 5.4 mini user and judge. Across 507 tasks × 20 trials, 66.50% pass@1 (interval 62.78 to 70.20), 241/507 tasks passed all 20 trials (47.53%), from v3 Table 15. The separately reported pass^20 column uses a biased plug-in estimator and must not be treated generically as the observed all-20 fraction. Opus has 79.09% pass@20. Retail, hospitality, auto insurance and internal banking/consulting IT/HR work.

Code and result data

ERPBench: saving a record and saving it correctly

Strong Sonnet 4.6 results

Freshness: Accenture paper September 15, latest revision September 23; a new revision-specific execution date is unestablished.

Sonnet 4.6 achieves strong results. A separate smaller-model setup saves many records while getting few fields correct; that gap is configuration-specific. Four multi-field tasks and six document-chain tasks provide small populations on one ERP.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: 30 ERPNext tasks, five runs each, screenshot-only GUI agents. Sonnet 4.6 via Anthropic API achieves 94% / 100% / 100% all-or-nothing success on simple edits, multi-field records and document chains. A separate UI-TARS 1.5-7B configuration on multi-field records saves 85%, gets 3% field correctness, and 0% entirely correct records.

BusinessBench: strong file-work results with vendor grading limits

89.5% under the vendor scorer

Freshness: campaign executed September 28 05:29 through September 29 10:48 UTC, with retained-output regrading in the September 28 receipt.

The benchmark owner also builds Proto, and tasks were available during development. Retained outputs were regraded without rerunning. The same-model difference is not decisive: its interval crosses zero. Strong scoped scores are not independent production evidence.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: 187 file tasks × 3 per system. Proto/DeepSeek V4.1 Flash High: 502/561 = 89.5%; Proto/GPT 6 Sol High: 495/561 = 88.2%; Codex CLI 0.158.0-alpha.2.1/GPT 6 Sol High: 487/561 = 86.8% under frozen scorer v7. Same-model gap 1.43 percentage points, interval -1.78 to +4.81.

GroupTravelBench: producing a plan that meets constraints

99.7% plan emission; 8% validity

Freshness: introduced May 24; v3 September 22 updates results and simulator configuration. Execution days undisclosed.

Producing a plan and satisfying its time, budget and transport constraints are different measures. The 99.7% emission and 8% validity figures refer to the same configuration. Synthetic cooperative preferences and approximated API behavior limit transfer.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: 650 tasks, three trials/model, groups of two to six, ten cached APIs. DeepSeek V4 Pro produces plans 99.7% of the time but passes deterministic validity checks 8%; preference coverage 64%, fairness 54.2%. Qwen 3.5 Plus leads validity at 12%. Agent temperature 0.7; DeepSeek V4 Flash user/cache-miss simulator; Gemini 3 Flash Preview judge.

Code and result data

Grounding Agent Memory: learning when the environment changes

39% without memory; 73% with probing

Freshness: Microsoft study September 10; exact run days undisclosed.

The larger gain compares no memory with memory plus probing, so it does not isolate probing's contribution. The two memory intervals overlap and separate curation cost is omitted. Controlled schema drift does not establish learning causally from delayed customer results.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: GPT 5.4 xhigh through Copilot SDK/CLI; 40-question database schedule with schema change halfway through, five paired shuffles. No memory: 39% ± 4; trajectory memory: 70% ± 16; memory with read-only probing: 73% ± 5, reported 95% intervals. Also 90 adapted APEX tasks across six worlds.

EnterpriseWorldShift: updating rules after drift

Deleted rules were not retired

Freshness: ServiceNow/academic collaborators' study September 17; execution days undisclosed.

The score measures predicted field effects, rather than workflow completion. All tested backbones revised or added rules, but none retired a deleted rule. Controlled changes on one platform and excluded unrepresentable rules limit generalization.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: live ServiceNow, nine tables, 25 initial rules, four controlled versions, 600 evaluation actions. Continual discovery with Gemma 4-31B achieves 89.78% change-prediction IoU, versus 82.79% for query-based discovery. Across three repeats, 87.85 ± 2.03 versus 83.02 ± 2.70 (standard deviations). All three tested backbones revised/added rules; none retired a deleted rule.

MasDrift: preserving authority across delegation

100% completion; 1% unauthorized actions

Freshness: introduction August 2, v2 August 11; execution days undisclosed.

The strongest tested configuration completes all tasks with 1% unauthorized actions. Other configurations vary substantially. Confirmation calls are automatically approved, so the study measures authority preservation, not physical containment. Tool exposure and handoffs also change between architectures.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: 600 benign tasks with required and reserved actions, one trajectory/configuration, eight domains; single, peer and supervisor architectures. Uniform GPT 5.6 Sol L3 completes 100%, with 1% unauthorized actions. Qwen 3.7 Plus L3 completes 99.5%, with 33.5% unauthorized actions. Sol root/Nano children completes 99.5%, with 39.5% unauthorized actions.

Code and result data

PACT: following explicit rules under pressure

94.4% explicit-policy score

Freshness: paper September 16; later project models have no verified added-run dates here.

This is strong explicit-policy behavior on synthetic workplace decisions. Unclear replies are excluded and abstention is separate. Replies and decisions are graded; no real payment execution or deployment certification is established.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: 3,364 synthetic items, 48 scenarios, 12 domains, three replications. Kimi K2.7 Code 94.4% PACTScore, Qwen 3.6-27B 94.3%, Haiku 4.5 93.7%, GPT 5.6 Luna 93.4%. Rule-bound workplace replies/decisions encounter deadline, manager and false-clearance pressure. Score weights all-three success across first and follow-up turns.

Persuaded, Not Informed: trusting assertions over records

Small contradiction subset

Freshness: AmpUp's new CRMArena-Pro evaluation September 23; execution days undisclosed.

The alarming result concerns a selected subset of 31 contradictory assertions, not all 100 cases or production CRM use. Confidence intervals are wide. There is no manipulation/control experiment isolating a causal persuasion effect, and no live CRM writes.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: 100 sales qualification cases, 31 contradictory assertions, offline SQLite reconstruction. On that contradiction subset, GPT 5.6 Sol is misled 90.3% (interval 75 to 97), Sonnet 5 96.8%, Fable 5.1 93.5%, Qwen 3.8 Max 96.8%. Exact-set grading; most configurations temperature 0, Kimi/Qwen 1. On all 100 cases, Sonnet model/code controls score 76%/80%, with overlapping intervals.

AIM / MUMBench: updating shared memory with privacy

58.8% strict memory-operation score

Freshness: Microsoft study September 11; execution days undisclosed.

Memory-operation accuracy and visibility are different measures. The privacy model uses binary private/public scope, not enterprise roles. The same configuration must stay attached to each cited score; synthetic scenarios limit transfer.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: 672 interactions, 93 users, 205 memories, 60 adversarial queries, four domains, three sequential replays. GPT 5.4 mini: 58.8% strict memory-operation score, 70.5% relaxed state-aware score, 95.0% visibility score. GPT 5.4: 52.7%, 68.2%, 96.0%, respectively. Memory retrieval, creation, update and deletion are scored separately from visibility.

PiSAs: useful multi-user work without inappropriate disclosure

Multi-user information limits

Freshness: ServiceNow/academic study July 6; execution days undisclosed.

Visibility violations count attributes exposed in any of three runs, not the frequency of unsafe executed actions. Communications are simulated and the centralized agent sees all information by design. Oracle-labelled defenses do not establish deployable policy learning.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: 85 manually authored JIRA, incident-severity and meeting-allocation scenarios, four to ten people, three repeats. Centralized Sonnet 4.6: 61.7% utility, 61.3% appropriate-information completeness, 33.5% visibility violations, 25.4% appropriateness violations. Model judges and a verifier ensemble assess outputs.

Silent Failures: checking whether the evaluation itself worked

Grading checks changed the result

Freshness: new harness-validation study September 26; execution days undisclosed.

The same persisted attack traces receive different scores when grading checks tool names versus consequential arguments. This exposes an evaluation problem, not a change in agent behavior. A small mock suite and zero observed attacks cannot establish zero risk or a significant defense advantage.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: the same 258 persisted attack traces score 21.7% attack success using tool names but 1.2% using consequential arguments. A payload-routing defect initially delivers four of 43 attacks; after correction, all 43. Corrected GPT 5.6 Terra core: undefended 1/43; capability router 0/43, with upper 95% bound 8.2%.

EnterpriseBench: decisions with delayed feedback

Simulated delayed decisions

Freshness: new study September 29; execution days undisclosed. This is separate from Surge's EnterpriseBench: CoreCraft.

Consultation, inventory and workforce decisions are simulated. Different methods lead different tracks and no pooled score is reported. The 423 consultation cases do not establish the denominator for other tracks. This does not demonstrate causal improvement from production feedback.

Configuration, population and grading

Test: simulated client consultation, 25-step inventory game and enterprise project/workforce/risk simulation. Consulting has 423 cases (12 training, 411 test). DeepSeek V3 GEPA scores 8.28/10 against 7.12 for chain-of-thought; GPT 4.1 divide-and-conquer 8.08 versus 7.15. Foundational QA has 4,706 test cases. Later backbone comparisons include DeepSeek V4 Pro and GLM 5.2; no pooled overall score is reported.